Season the thinly sliced chicken breasts with salt and black pepper on both sides.
Sear the chicken in hot olive oil over medium-high heat for 4 to 5 minutes per side until golden brown. Remove and set aside.
Melt the butter in the same skillet over medium heat, add the minced garlic, and cook for 30 seconds.
Deglaze the pan with the chicken broth and reserved banana pepper juice, scraping up any browned bits. Simmer until reduced by half.
Stir in the heavy cream and banana pepper rings, simmering for 3 minutes. Whisk in the Parmesan cheese until smooth.
Return the chicken to the skillet, simmering for 2 more minutes to finish cooking the meat and coat it in the sauce.